Terrestrial forms
They are toads and frogs. They are less dependent on water for their survival. They require water only during breeding season. For locomotion they have jumping habit and in order to avoid enemies they have small and stout body.For locomotion they have certain modifications as-
1)Elongation of hindlimb and loss of tail.
2)Development of powerful muscles.
3)Shortening of vertebral column with very little mobility to avoid jerk during jumping.
4)Attachment of pelvic girdle to vertebral column is shifted quite forward.
Eg. Rana,Bufo etc.
Continued on Page 6
They are toads and frogs. They are less dependent on water for their survival. They require water only during breeding season. For locomotion they have jumping habit and in order to avoid enemies they have small and stout body.For locomotion they have certain modifications as-
1)Elongation of hindlimb and loss of tail.
2)Development of powerful muscles.
3)Shortening of vertebral column with very little mobility to avoid jerk during jumping.
4)Attachment of pelvic girdle to vertebral column is shifted quite forward.
Eg. Rana,Bufo etc.
Continued on Page 6
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